่ชๅฝ
ๅ่ฉ
ใฉใใ
ๅ่ฉ express actions, states, or occurrences.
They are divided into:
ไบๆฎตๅ่ฉ๏ผใใ ใใฉใใ๏ผ/ group 1 - verbs ending with a consonant stem.
ไธๆฎตๅ่ฉ๏ผใใกใ ใใฉใใ๏ผ/ group 2 - verbs ending with a vowel stem.
ไธ่ฆๅๅ่ฉ๏ผใตใใใใฉใใ๏ผ/ group 3 - irregular conjugation.
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Stem ends with a consonant (ๅญ้ณ - ใใใ) and conjugates across all vowel rows.
Example: ๆธใ๏ผใใ๏ผ- to write
Stem: kak_
Negative: ๆธใใชใ (kakanai) โ a-row
Polite: ๆธใใพใ (kakimasu) โ i-row
Infinitive: ๆธใ (kaku) โ u-row
Potential: ๆธใใ (kakeru) โ e-row
Volitional: ๆธใใ (kakou) โ o-row
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Stem ends with a vowel (ๆฏ้ณ โ ใผใใ) and conjugates simply by dropping ใ.
Example: ้ฃในใ๏ผใในใ๏ผ- to eat
Stem: tabe_
Negative: ้ฃในใชใ (tabenai)
Polite: ้ฃในใพใ (tabemasu)
Infinitive: ้ฃในใ (taberu)
Potential: ้ฃในใใใ (taberareru)
Volitional: ้ฃในใใ (tabeyou)
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Only ใใ (to do) and ๆฅใ (ใใ โ to come).
They conjugate irregularly and donโt follow regular patterns.